List of lakes in West Sumatera. Indonesia

Lake Singkarak

Lake Singkarak (Indonesian: Danau Singkarak) is a lake in West Sumatra, Indonesia. It is located between the cities of Padang Panjang and Solok. It has an area of 107.8 km², being approximately 21 km long and 7 km wide. The natural outlet for excess water is the Ombilin river which flows eastward to the Strait of Malacca. A hydroelectric project however has diverted most of the lake outflow to the Anai river which flows westward into the Indian Ocean near Padang. This Singkarak power station uses this water to generate power for the West Sumatra and Riau provinces. A species of fish called ikan bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis) is endemic to the lake, and is harvested for human consumption. A railway line, which connects Padang and Sawahlunto-Sijunjung, skirts the length of the lake on the eastern side.

Lake Maninjau

Lake Maninjau (Indonesian: Danau Maninjau, Meninjau means Overlook or Observation ) is a caldera lake in West Sumatra, Indonesia. It is located 16 km to the west of Bukittinggi, at 0°19′S, 100°12′E.

Formation

The Maninjau caldera was formed by a volcanic eruption estimated to have occurred around 52,000 years ago.^[1] Deposits from the eruption have been found in a radial distribution around Maninjau extending up to 50 km to the east, 75 km to the southeast, and west to the present coastline. The deposits are estimated to be distributed over 8500 km² and have a volume of 220–250 km³.^[2] The caldera has a length of 20 km and a width of 8 km.^[1]

The lake

Lake Maninjau has an area of 99.5 km², being approximately 16 km long and 7 km wide. The average depth is 105 m, with a maximum depth of 165 m. The natural outlet for excess water is the Antokan river, located on the west side of the lake. It is the only lake in Sumatra which has a natural outlet to the west coast. Since 1983 this water has been used to generate hydroelectric power for West Sumatra.

Most of the people who live around Lake Maninjau are ethnically Minangkabau. Villages on the shores of the lake include Maninjau and Bayur.

Maninjau is a notable tourist destination in the region due to its scenic beauty and mild climate. It is also used as a site for paragliding.

Local agriculture

The lake is used for aquaculture, using karamba floating net cages. The technique was introduced in 1992, and by 1997 there were over 2,000 cage units with over 600 households engaged. Each cage may have 3-4 production cycles each year. There is evidence of pollution around some karamba area.

On the edge of the lake, the landuse includes rice fields in the swamps and the lower slopes. The villages are bordered uphill by a large belt of forestlike tree gardens, which dissolves into the upper montane forest on the steepest parts of the slopes up to the ridge of the caldera.^[3]

The tree gardens include three typical components:^[3]

• Fruit trees including durian, jack fruit, cempedak, rambutan, langsat, golden berries and water apples.
• Timber species including Toona sinensis and Pterospermum javanicum.
• Spice trees including cinnamon, coffee, nutmeg and cardamum.

Lake Diatas

Diatas
Location	West Sumatra, Indonesia
Coordinates	1°4′37″S, 100°45′17″ECoordinates: 1°4′37″S, 100°45′17″E
Lake type	Tectonic
Primary outflows	Gunanti River
Basin countries	Indonesia
Surface area	12.3 km²
Max depth	44 m
Surface elevation	1,531 m

Lake Diatas (Indonesian: Danau Diatas, means: Upper Lake ) is a lake in West Sumatra, Indonesia. It is located at 1°4′37″S, 100°45′17″E. This lake together with Lake Dibawah, are known as the Twin Lakes (Danau Kembar).

Lake Dibawah

Dibawah
Location	West Sumatra, Indonesia
Coordinates	1°0′35″S, 100°43′51″ECoordinates: 1°0′35″S, 100°43′51″E
Lake type	Tectonic
Primary outflows	Lembong River
Basin countries	Indonesia
Surface area	11.2 km²
Max depth	309 m
Surface elevation	1,462 m

Lake Dibawah (Indonesian: Danau Dibawah, means: Lower Lake ) is a lake in West Sumatra, Indonesia. It is located at 1°0′35″S, 100°43′51″E. This lake together with Lake Diatas, are known as the Twin Lakes (Danau Kembar).